quinta-feira, 28 de agosto de 2014

A ordem do progresso

A Ordem do Progresso atualizado

a ordem do progressoEm boa hora, saiu uma nova edição do livro A Ordem do Progresso (dica do Pedro). Desde que foi lançado, há 25 anos, o livro é referência obrigatória em Economia Brasileira, em especial para quem presta a prova da Anpec, já que a banca tem tradição de pegar muitos itens de lá.
Na atualização foi incluído o período pós 89 chegando até os anos recentes. Ao blog, Marcelo de Paiva Abreu enviou a Introdução (pdf) do livro, com os detalhes das mudanças.

quarta-feira, 27 de agosto de 2014

Confiabilidade de wikipedia

Wikipédia e enciclopédia britânica: Informação confiável?

Aline Luli Romero Ribeiro, Cláudio Gottschalg-Duque
Resumo
Este artigo apresenta os resultados obtidos em um trabalho acadêmico que estudou a confiabilidade das informações das duas obras de referência, no formato digital e em língua inglesa, Wikipédia e Enciclopédia Britânica, dentro da área de Biblioteconomia, por meio da avaliação de verbetes semelhantes. Com o intuito de determinar o nível de confiabilidade de cada uma destas Enciclopédias e com base nos conceitos de Arquitetura da Informação, pretende-se analisar se a proibição da citação da Wikipédia no ambiente acadêmico faz-se justificada.

Palavras-chave

Wikipédia. Enciclopédia Britânica. Informação confiável. Comparação. Verbete.

Texto completo:

PDF/A ♪AUDIO♪

Brasil 2014

Uma análise do Antony Mueller dos indicadores macroeconômicos do Brasil de 2010-2014
Parte I
Parte II

Verdade


Citações de George Orwell

The very concept of objective truth is fading out of the world. Lies will pass into history.”
My most prized books are a collection of history books from around the world. I have an Iraqi book that recounts the glory of Saddam Hussein’s victory over the United States in 1991. I have books from three different nations claiming that one of their citizens was the first to fly. As some of the most powerful nations in the world agree to let certain facts be “forgotten,” the trend will only get worse. History is written by the victor, and the victor will never be asked if he told the truth.
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Sucesso e fracasso


segunda-feira, 25 de agosto de 2014

Entenda dívida e déficit pública

Antony Mueller
Análise da dívida pública
Parte I
Parte II

Entenda como funciona propaganda

Handbook: 7 Basic Propaganda Devices


Preface: As part of our ongoing effort to expose propaganda techniques, we are posting the propaganda section of the Hasbara Handbook: Promoting Israel on Campus, originally leaked by Wikispooks. It is more than a decade old, as it refers to PLO leader Yasser Arafat, who passed away in 2004.
Propaganda is used by those who want to communicate in ways that engage the emotions, and downplay rationality, in an attempt to promote a certain message. To effectively present Israel to the public, and to counter anti-Israel messages, it is necessary to understand propaganda devices.
This article applies a list of seven propaganda devices to the Israeli situation, and by doing so allows an understanding of some of the ways in which public opinion is fought for in the International arena.
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domingo, 24 de agosto de 2014

Entenda como funciona o mercado financeiro

5 livros imperdíveis sobre o mercado, segundo Schwartsman

Veja quais são os livros considerados essenciais para entender o mercado na opinião do economista e ex-diretor do Banco Central, Alexandre Schwartsman

Complexidade

Complexity is about the scale.
Some systems are very intelligent in the aggregate while composed of unintelligent units (Ant colonies).
Some systems are very u...nintelligent while composed of very intelligent units (certain countries on the Mediterranean).
Some systems are intelligent while composed of intelligent units (19th C science, legal systems throughout history).
And some systems are very unintelligent while composed of unintelligent units ( Washington, finance, modern academia, economics).

Nassim Taleb

sábado, 23 de agosto de 2014

Brasil - Índice de liberdade econômica

Brazil                              Overall Score                          57.7
Rank                                       100
Mapa
Satélite
http://maps.gstatic.com/mapfiles/mv/imgs8.png
45°
http://maps.gstatic.com/mapfiles/mv/imgs8.png
Marcadores
Property Rights                     50.0
Freedom From Corruption    38.0

Government Spending           54.8
Fiscal Freedom                      70.3

Business Freedom                  53.0
Labor Freedom                      57.2
Monetary Freedom                74.4

Trade Freedom                      69.7
Investment Freedom              50.0

                                        Financial Freedom                 60.0

Mueller's Macro

http://muellersmacro.tumblr.com/

Ordem e liberdade

Thomas Paine explica:
Is Liberty the mother or daughter of order? Says Thomas Paine:
"A great part of that order which reigns among mankind is not the effect of government. It had its origin in the principles of society and the natural constitution of man. It existed prior to government, and would exist if the formality of government was abolished. The mutual dependence and reciprocal interest which man has upon man, and all parts of a civilized community upon each other, create that great chain ...of connection which holds it together. The landholder, the farmer, the manufacturer, the merchant, the tradesman, and every occupation, prospers by the aid which each receives from the other, and from the whole. Common interest regulates their concerns, and forms their laws; and the laws which common usage ordains, have a greater influence than the laws of government. In fine, society performs for itself almost every thing which is ascribed to government."

quinta-feira, 21 de agosto de 2014

Jim Rogers explica a arte de investir

Jim Rogers:
“Most successful investors, in fact, do nothing most of the time.”

“If you want to make a lot of money, resist diversification.”
“No matter what we all know today, it’s not going to be true in 10 or 15 years.”
“Swim your own races.”
“If the world economy gets better, commodities are very good place to be in … even if the world economy does not improve, commodities are still a fabulous place to be.”
“On Wall Street there’s no truer adage than …’markets can remain irrational longer than you can remain solvent.’
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História

“I’ll never again believe anything I read in a history book, as long as I live, so help me.”
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40 mapas para entender o Império Romano

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quarta-feira, 20 de agosto de 2014

Individuo e sociedade


Liberem os mercados

Free The Market

“The curious task of economics is to demonstrate to men how little they really know about what they imagine they can design”, F.A. Hayek once wrote. We would be well-served to heed his call and reinvigorate the ideology of the free market.
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Ron Paul

Ron Paul: tudo que você precisa saber sobre o melhor político que você jamais ouviu falar

Preparamos uma linha do tempo especial para contar um pouco da vida do melhor político surgido nos Estados Unidos nos últimos tempos 
Marque em sua agenda: Ron Paul está a caminho do Brasil. O que? Não faz a menor ideia de quem estamos falando? Sem problema, você está no lugar certo. Ron é provavelmente o melhor político que você jamais ouviu falar. E nesse lugar você irá entender um pouquinho melhor do que estamos falando. 
Nascido na Pensilvânia, Ron aterrizará em terras tupiniquins pela primeira vez no alto de seus 78 anos direto para a 4ª edição da Conferência de Escola Austríaca, evento organizado pelo Instituto Mises Brasil que rola no teatro da Fecomercio, em São Paulo, nos dias 6 e 7 de setembro (se você acessar esse link ainda terá tempo de obter maiores informações e correr pelos últimos ingressos do evento).
Empatado com Bill Gates e Clint Eastwood na lista dos homens mais admirados dos Estados Unidos em 2013, o já aposentado Ron Paul teve uma longa carreira em defesa da liberdade na política americana e é um dos grandes responsáveis pelo boom que o movimento libertário obteve no país desde que se candidatou às primárias do Partido Republicano para a presidência dos Estados Unidos, em 2008 (a propósito, Rand Paul, seu filho oftalmologista e senador pelo estado de Kentucky, é um dos grandes nomes na disputa do Partido Republicano ao próximo pleito à presidência dos Estados Unidos, em 2016).
Convite pela conferência em São Paulo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-876aqtv0Q

Mises - um movimento global

Ludwig von Mises: Inspiring Think Tanks Across The Globe

The free enterprise system within a rule of law is the best engine for prosperity. Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973) is recognized by many as its greatest advocate. His name was largely ignored for decades, today, however, more than 20 think tanks around the world are named after him. No other famous economist comes close.
Those who started these “Mises Institutes” were inspired mostly by the theoretical work of this Austrian scholar, books such as “Socialism,” “Theory of Money and Credit,” and “Human Action.” When I studied economics at Grove City College under Dr. Hans F. Sennholz (1922-2007), one of Mises’ disciples, these three books were required reading.
Helio Beltrão, President and Founder of Instituto Mises Brazil with a copy of the first volume of their journal.The clear logic, impeccable analysis, and consistency of Mises analysis captivated not only some economists disillusioned with Keynesianism and other interventionist dogmas, but especially businessmen. Both the Spanish and Portuguese versions of “Human Action” were translated by businessmen. I do not mean that they paid for it, they actually translated the large book (1000 pages). Joaquin Reig Albiol did the Spanish edition in 1960 and Donald Stewart Jr., founder of the Instituto Liberal in Rio de Janeiro, translated the Brazilian edition in 1990. Talented young businessmen and entrepreneurs, such as Helio Beltrão in Brazil, continue to play key roles in the Mises Institutes peppered around the globe.
Helio Beltrão, President and Founder of Instituto Mises Brazil with a copy of the first volume of their journal.
Ludwig von Mises knew the importance of theory, but he also thought it was essential that “the eminent citizens, the intellectual leaders of the community,” be “in a position to form their own opinion on the basic social, economic, and political principles of policies.” For that they also need access to facts, and statistical information and analysis. There is considerable truth in the famous Kurt Lewin statement that “there is nothing more practical than a good theory,” but these theories should guide applied research and applied research should create incentives for theoretical refinements.
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terça-feira, 19 de agosto de 2014

Pessoalidade e tipo de sangue

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Que comer?

What You Can Eat

That depends on your blood type. Here's what D'Adamo recommends for each type:
Type O blood: A high-protein diet heavy on lean meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables, and light on grains, beans, and dairy. D'Adamo also recommends various supplements to help with tummy troubles and other issues he says people with type O tend to have.
Type A blood: A meat-free diet based on fruits and vegetables, beans and legumes, and whole grains -- ideally, organic and fresh, because D'Adamo says people with type A blood have a sensitive immune system.
Type B blood: Avoid corn, wheat, buckwheat, lentils, tomatoes, peanuts, and sesame seeds.  Chicken is also problematic, D'Adamo says. He encourages eating green vegetables, eggs, certain meats, and low-fat dairy.
Type AB blood: Foods to focus on include tofu, seafood, dairy, and green vegetables. He says people with type AB blood tend to have low stomach acid. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and smoked or cured meats.

segunda-feira, 18 de agosto de 2014

Dormir

A woman tending to her husband in the middle of the night by Jan Saenredam, 1595
The myth of the eight-hour sleep


We often worry about lying awake in the middle of the night - but it could be good for you. A growing body of evidence from both science and history suggests that the eight-hour sleep may be unnatural.
In the early 1990s, psychiatrist Thomas Wehr conducted an experiment in which a group of people were plunged into darkness for 14 hours every day for a month.
It took some time for their sleep to regulate but by the fourth week the subjects had settled into a very distinct sleeping pattern. They slept first for four hours, then woke for one or two hours before falling into a second four-hour sleep.
Though sleep scientists were impressed by the study, among the general public the idea that we must sleep for eight consecutive hours persists.
In 2001, historian Roger Ekirch of Virginia Tech published a seminal paper, drawn from 16 years of research, revealing a wealth of historical evidence that humans used to sleep in two distinct chunks.
Roger Ekirch says this 1595 engraving by Jan Saenredam is evidence of activity at night
His book At Day's Close: Night in Times Past, published four years later, unearths more than 500 references to a segmented sleeping pattern - in diaries, court records, medical books and literature, from Homer's Odyssey to an anthropological account of modern tribes in Nigeria.
Much like the experience of Wehr's subjects, these references describe a first sleep which began about two hours after dusk, followed by waking period of one or two hours and then a second sleep.
"It's not just the number of references - it is the way they refer to it, as if it was common knowledge," Ekirch says.
During this waking period people were quite active. They often got up, went to the toilet or smoked tobacco and some even visited neighbours. Most people stayed in bed, read, wrote and often prayed. Countless prayer manuals from the late 15th Century offered special prayers for the hours in between sleeps.

And these hours weren't entirely solitary - people often chatted to bed-fellows or had sex.
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Arte moderna

Why Is The Artworld So Irrational And What Can Be Done About It?


There are two phenomenon at play here, the academy and big money. When all art becomes subjective then determining which art is best becomes essentially political.
The source of the problem is in the academy itself. The university has become a place of indoctrination rather than bonafide critical thinking. Hiring and tenure at the university have become almost entirely political. Dissident scholars and artists are either denied access to tenure or not hired at all. But to be fair, there are precious few dissident scholars trying to get in because undergraduate indoctrination has been so successful that meaningful dissent is practically unknown. There are more dissident artists but, without their corresponding colleagues in art history and philosophy, there is nobody in a position of authority to advocate for outsider art.
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sábado, 16 de agosto de 2014

Gosta de sal?

Lower Your Salt Intake? Fugetaboutit!

A new article in the New England Journal of Medicine (August 14, 2014) studied the sodium levels in 101,945 persons from 17 countries. The scientists examined the association between sodium excretion and the outcome of death and major cardiovascular events. Sodium excretion correlates directly with sodium ingestion.
Over a mean follow-up of 3.7 years, the authors found that those with the lowest sodium excretion (less than 3 grams of sodium per day or ½ teaspoon of salt) had the highest rate of death or cardiovascular events—4.3%. Those who excreted 3-4 grams per day (just over ½ teaspoon of salt) had a cardiovascular incident rate of 3.1%–28% lower than the lowest salt-ingesting group. In fact, those who ingested more sodium, including the highest group (>7 grams per day or over 1 teaspoon of salt) had a 24% lowered death or cardiovascular event rate when compared to the lowest group (the incident rate in the highest group—7 grams per day–was 3.3%).
This article is another in a long-line of salt articles debunking the myth that we need to lower our salt intake. I have tested thousands of patients for their salt levels. I can assure you that the vast majority of patients are low in salt.

Salt is a vital, essential substance that we cannot live without. Low-salt diets do not lower the blood pressure for the vast majority of individuals. In fact, low salt diets are detrimental to most as shown in this study.
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quarta-feira, 13 de agosto de 2014

Vale estudo universitário?

7 dicas para quem quer ser economista

Preparamos 7 dicas sobre a formação e a carreira de economista para aspirantes, sejam eles vestibulandos ou autodidatas. Imperdível.
... A educação formal atual é uma tecnologia completamente obsoleta: padronização excessiva e desnecessária e economias de escala ridículas.
Por mais que todos os cursos liberem os alunos para escolher certa quantia de matérias eletivas, as mesmas são minoritárias na grade. Para piorar, há uma série de matérias obrigatórias que devem ser cumpridas numa ordem predeterminada, como se o foco ou a curva de aprendizado de todos os alunos fosse a mesma.
Com a internet, a aula-palestra que atende 50 pessoas, pode atender milhões. Não são necessárias milhões de bolsas do PROUNI, 10% do PIB ou cotas em vestibulares para garantir acesso ao conhecimento. De início, bastariam filmar as aulas acadêmicas e escanear os livros, disponibilizando ambos em domínio público.
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terça-feira, 12 de agosto de 2014

Governo

"Government, taught Hume, is always government of the many by the few. Power is therefore always ultimately on the side of the governed, and the governors have nothing to support them but opinion.The struggle for freedom is ultimately not resistance to autocrats or oligarchs but resistance to the despotism of public opinion.--Ludwig von Mises

Duvidas aumentam sobre a hipotese da origem de homem

Evidence Challenges the "Out of Africa" Timeline of Human Evolution

One dominant idea among evolutionary biologists is that Homo sapiens left Africa about 60 or 70 thousand years ago, spreading across the world from there. It's called the "out of Africa" theory. But now, more evidence is challenging it.

How did humans really evolve?How did humans really evolve?How did humans really evolve?

Illustration by John Sibbick
Over on New Scientist, Catherine Brahic offers a cogent summary of the new evidence. Some comes from Asia, where scientists have discovered teeth that may be Homo sapiens dating from before 70 thousand years ago, and possibly from as long ago as 125 thousand. There are also fragments of early human skulls from Israel, which may date to as early as 150 thousand years ago.
What's emerging from this fragmentary evidence — which is still far from widely accepted — is a more complicated picture of when early humans left Africa, and where they went. Writes Brahic:

segunda-feira, 11 de agosto de 2014

Todo que se aprendeu sobre a segunda guerra mundial foi errado

Some Truthful Books About World War II

The dominant view of World War II is that it was the “good war.” Hitler bears exclusive responsibility for the onset of war, because he aimed to conquer Europe, if not the entire world. The United States tried to avoid entering the war but was forced into the fight by the surprise Japanese attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor.
 The authors on this list dissent.  Responsibility for the war was mixed, and Roosevelt provoked Japan’s attack.   Allied conduct of the war, furthermore, was characterized by grave ethical misconduct.
Alperovitz, Gar. The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb  Comprehensive study that shows dropping the atomic bombs was not needed to bring about Japanese surrender.
Baker, Nicholson  Human Smoke: The Beginnings of World War II, the End of Civilization Stresses the violations of the norms of civilized war in World War II, with full attention to the role of Winston Churchill
Barnes, Harry Elmer, ed. Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace A collection of essays by leading revisionist historians, concentrating on Franklin Roosevelt’s policies.
Beard, Charles A.  President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War, 1941 Beard, one of the foremost twentieth-century American historians, argues that Roosevelt provoked the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Buchanan, Patrick J. Churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War. Argues that the British guarantee to Poland in March 1939 was a mistake, because there was no feasible means of fulfilling it.
Chamberlin, William H., America’s Second Crusade A highly critical account of American policy during World War I. America failed to learn the lesson of intervention in World War I.
Crocker, George, Roosevelt’s Road to Russia Emphasizes the extent to which American involvement in the war led to a pro-Soviet policy.
Cowling, Maurice, The Impact of Hitler A detailed study of British cabinet politics in the 1930s, countering the view that Chamberlain sought peace at any price with Hitler.
Doenecke, Justus   Storm on the Horizon: The Challenge to American Intervention, 1939-1941.  A detailed study of the American anti-war movement, showing the diversity of arguments used to oppose Roosevelt’s bellicose policies.
Fussell, Paul. Wartime:  Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War Vivid portrayal of the deleterious effects of the war on human psychology and behavior. Refutes the romanticized picture of the “good war.”
Garrett, Garet.  [ed. Bruce Ramsey] Defend America First: The Antiwar Editorials of the Saturday Evening Post, 1939-1942. Garrett, a leading figure of the Old Right, argued that coming to the aid of the Allies would weaken America. We should concentrate on home defense.
Glaser, Kurt, Czecho-Slovakia, A Critical History. A good account of the minorities problem in Czechoslovakia.  Emphasizes the unrealistic policies of the Beneš government.
Greaves, Bettina, Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy. A detailed account of Roosevelt and Pearl Harbor, based on the research of Percy Greaves.
Hoover, Herbert. Freedom Betrayed.  A very detailed account of Roosevelt’s foreign policy by his predecessor in the White House. Based on careful documentation.
Jaksch, Wenzel, Europe’s Road to Potsdam. An account of the Sudeten situation in the 1930s, critical of Czech policies under Beneš. The author was head of the Sudeten Social Democrats.
Kirschbaum, Joseph M. Slovakia: Nation at the Crossroads of Central Europe.  An informed account of Slovak policies in the 1930s. Good on the breakup of the Czech state after the Munich Conference.
Klein, Burton H. Germany’s Economic Preparations for War. Argues that Germany in the 1930s did not plan for a long war. The author is a leading Chicago School economist.
Kubek, Anthony, How the Far East Was Lost. The first chapter, based on pioneering work by Stephen H. Johnsson, shows the influence of pro-Communist officials in pushing for US provocation of Japan before Pearl Harbor.
Mahl, Thomas E. Desperate Deception : British Cover Operations in the United States. 1939-1944 An account of British propaganda and intelligence activities aimed at involving America on the side of Britain in the war.
Morgenstern, George. Pearl Harbor: The Story of the Secret War One of the first revisionist studies of Pearl Harbor and still one of the best. Highly detailed and very well written.
Neilson, Francis, The Churchill Legend. Includes a devastating analysis of Churchill’s multi-volume history of the war.
Newman, Simon  March 1939: The British Guarantee to Poland  British policy under Chamberlain was not based on weakness but on a long term strategy of confronting Hitler.
Raico, Ralph, Great Wars and Great Leaders. Written by a great classical liberal historian, the book includes a mordant account of Winston Churchill.
Russett, Bruce, No Clear and Present Danger. Argues that the prospect of an Axis dominated Europe failed to pose a sufficient threat to the United States to justify American intervention
Sanborn, Frederic, Design for War. Contains material on the US efforts to provoke a Japanese attack not readily available elsewhere. The author was a distinguished international lawyer.
 Sargent, Porter, Getting US Into War. Stresses the role of British propaganda in pushing America toward war.
Schroeder, Paul, Axis Alliance and Japanese-American Realtions 1941.  Contends that America foreign policy toward Japan was unduly rigid.
Schultze-Rhonhof, Gerd. 1939–The War That Had Many Fathers. Detailed account of German foreign policy in the 1930’s, arguing that responsibility for the war does not rest exclusively on Hitler. The author is a retired German general.
Sledge, E.B. With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa A searing personal memoir of the horrors of war.
Stinnett, Robert B. Day of Deceit: The Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt deliberately sought war with Japan and denied information to the Army and Navy commanders at Pearl Harbor.
Suvorov, Viktor  The Chief Culprit: Stalin’s Grand Design to Start World War II.   Contends that Stalin was preparing to launch an invasion of Germany, but Hitler beat him to the punch.
Tansill, Charles C. Back Door to War.  A comprehensive survey by one of the leading  twentieth-century American diplomatic historians. Shows how Roosevelt succeeded in involving the US in war in Europe by provoking war with  Japan.  Contains valuable material on the European diplomatic situation in the 1930s.
Taylor, A.J. P. The Origins of the Second World War.  Argues that World War II came about through accident and miscalculation rather than by design.
Topitsch, Ernst, Stalin’s War. Topitisch, a philosopher sympathetic to the Vienna Circle logical positivists, contends that Stalin sought  a European war and that Hitler’s invasion of Russia in 1941 preempted a Soviet attack.
Trachtenberg, Marc The Craft of International History: A Guide to Method. The book contains a careful analysis supporting the “back door to war“ theory, i.e., that Roosevelt sought war with Japan in order to secure American entry into the war in Europe.
Veale, F. J. P. Advance to Barbarism. Discusses the Allied responsibility for mass saturation bombing.

domingo, 10 de agosto de 2014

Raça não implica racismo

A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race and Human History Hardcover – 2014

Princípios de uma sociedade livre

Os dez princípios de uma sociedade livre
por , quarta-feira, 11 de maio de 2011

1. Direitos pertencem a indivíduos, e não a grupos.  Eles advêm de nossa natureza e não podem ser nem concedidos nem retirados pelo governo.
2.  Todas as associações entre indivíduos, bem como todas as transações econômicas que sejam voluntárias e pacíficas, devem ser totalmente permitidas.  O consentimento é a base de toda ordem social e econômica.
3. Toda propriedade adquirida de forma honesta e justa deve se tornar propriedade privada do indivíduo ou do grupo de indivíduos que a adquiriu.  Essa propriedade não pode ser arbitrariamente anulada pelos governos.
4. O governo não pode confiscar a riqueza privada de determinados indivíduos para redistribuí-la.  Tampouco pode conceder privilégios especiais a qualquer indivíduo ou grupo de indivíduos.
5. Indivíduos são inteiramente responsáveis por suas próprias ações. O governo não pode e nem deve nos proteger de nós mesmos.
6. O governo não pode reivindicar o monopólio sobre o dinheiro que as pessoas utilizam.  Mais ainda: o governo não deve jamais incorrer em práticas oficiais de falsificação (isto é, criação artificial) de dinheiro, alegando estar agindo em nome da "estabilidade macroeconômica".
7. Guerras de agressão, mesmo quando chamadas de 'preventivas', e mesmo quando se referem apenas a relações comerciais, são estritamente proibidas.
8. A 'nulificação pelo júri' — isto é, o direito de os membros de um júri julgar a lei e os fatos diferentemente do juiz — é um direito do povo e deve ser a norma dos tribunais.
9. Todas as formas de servidão involuntária são proibidas, não apenas a escravidão, mas também o serviço militar obrigatório, as associações forçadas entre indivíduos (como as quotas), e a distribuição de renda compulsória.
10. O governo deve obedecer às mesmas leis que ele espera que os cidadãos obedeçam. Logo, ele jamais deve utilizar a força para moldar comportamentos, para manipular interações sociais, para gerenciar a economia ou para dizer a outros governos como devem se comportar.
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Cair no lugar certo


Cuidado


As leis da Karma



12 Little Known Laws of Karma (That Will Change Your Life)

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What is Karma? Karma is the Sanskrit word for action. It is equivalent to Newton’s law of ‘every action must have a reaction’. When we think, speak or act we initiate a force that will react accordingly. This returning force maybe modified, changed or suspended, but most people will not be able eradicate it. This law of cause and effect is not punishment, but is wholly for the sake of education or learning. A person may not escape the consequences of his actions, but he will suffer only if he himself has made the conditions ripe for his suffering. Ignorance of the law is no excuse whether the laws are man-made or universal. To stop being afraid and to start being empowered in the worlds of karma and reincarnation, here is what you need to know about karmic laws.
1. THE GREAT LAW
- “As you sow, so shall you reap”. This is also known as the “Law of Cause and Effect”.
- Whatever we put out in the Universe is what comes back to us.
- If what we want is Happiness, Peace, Love, Friendship… Then we should BE Happy, Peaceful, Loving and a True Friend.
2. THE LAW OF CREATION
- Life doesn’t just HAPPEN, it requires our participation.
- We are one with the Universe, both inside and out. – Whatever surrounds us gives us clues to our inner state.
- BE yourself, and surround yourself with what you want to have present in your Life.
3. THE LAW OF HUMILITY
- What you refuse to accept, will continue for you.
- If what we see is an enemy, or someone with a character trait that we find to be negative, then we ourselves are not focused on a higher level of existence.
4. THE LAW OF GROWTH
- “Wherever you go, there you are”.
- For us to GROW in Spirit, it is we who must change – and not the people, places or things around us.
- The only given we have in our lives is OURSELVES and that is the only factor we have control over.
- When we change who and what we are within our heart our life follows suit and changes too. THE
5. LAW OF RESPONSIBILITY
- Whenever there is something wrong in my life, there is something wrong in me.
- We mirror what surrounds us – and what surrounds us mirrors us; this is a Universal Truth.
- We must take responsibility what is in our life.
6. THE LAW OF CONNECTION
- Even if something we do seems inconsequential, it is very important that it gets done as everything in the Universe is connected.
- Each step leads to the next step, and so forth and so on.
- Someone must do the initial work to get a job done.
- Neither the first step nor the last are of greater significance,
- As they were both needed to accomplish the task.
- Past-Present-Future they are all connected…
7. THE LAW OF FOCUS
- You can not think of two things at the same time.
- When our focus is on Spiritual Values, it is impossible for us to have lower thoughts such as greed or anger.
8. THE LAW OF GIVING AND HOSPITALITY
- If you believe something to be true,then sometime in your life you will be called upon to demonstrate that particular truth.
- Here is where we put what we CLAIM that we have learned, into actual PRACTICE.
9. THE LAW OF HERE AND NOW
- Looking backward to examine what was, prevents us from being totally in the HERE AND NOW.
- Old thoughts, old patterns of behavior, old dreams…
- Prevent us from having new ones.
10. THE LAW OF CHANGE
- History repeats itself until we learn the lessons that we need to change our path.
11. THE LAW OF PATIENCE AND REWARD
- All Rewards require initial toil.
- Rewards of lasting value require patient and persistent toil.
- True joy follows doing what we’re suppose to be doing, and waiting for the reward to come in on its own time.
12. THE LAW OF SIGNIFICANCE AND INSPIRATION
- You get back from something whatever YOU have put into it.
- The true value of something is a direct result of the energy and intent that is put into it.
- Every personal contribution is also a contribution to the Whole.
- Lack luster contributions have no impact on the Whole, nor do they work to diminish it.
- Loving contributions bring life to, and inspire, the Whole.
Source: social-consciousness